As one of the most commonly used components in household appliances, instrumentation, and other electronic products, coil ferrite is an electronic component that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to work. Its electrical characteristics are the opposite of those of capacitors: "low frequencies and high frequencies.". The high-frequency signal encounters a large resistance when passing through the inductor coil, which is difficult to pass through, while the low-frequency signal has less resistance when passing through it; that is, the low-frequency signal can pass through it more easily. The resistance of the inductor coil to DC is almost zero.
In electronic circuits, inductance coils are mainly used to isolate and filter AC signals or form resonant circuits with capacitors and resistors.
Common types of coils:
1. Single-layer coil
A single-layer coil is used to wrap an insulated wire on a paper tube or a rubber rack, that is, a circle in the horizontal direction, which is often used in radios.
2. Honeycomb coil
The honeycomb coil is such that the plane and the rotating surface cannot be parallel, and it needs to be intersected and wound by a honeycomb winding machine, which is not only small in volume and capacitance but also has a large inductance.
3. Ferrite core and iron powder core coil
The size of the coil is related to the core, so in order to increase the mass or inductance of the coil, iron powder and other substances are added to the hollow core to create an iron powder core coil.
4. Copper core coil
Copper core coils are typically used in ultra-short waves, and the inductance is adjusted by rotating the position of the copper core in the coil, which is not only easy to use but also durable.
5. Color-coded choke inductor
Color-coded inductors maintain the inductance of the inductor, so resistors of the same size are marked with the same colour. The choke inductor is classified into two types: high and low frequency, according to the construction frequency.
The role of the inductance coil:
The inductance coil plays the role of filtering, oscillation, etc. in the circuit and uses the electric energy conversion magnet to store it. Like a transformer, it has a certain inductance but does not lose electrical energy. Generally, when no current passes, it has an obstruction function, and when there is a current, it can keep the current constant.
1. Choke: in a low-frequency circuit, it is used to block low-frequency alternating current, pulsating direct current to a pure DC circuit. It is often used in the middle of two filter capacitors at the output end of the rectifier circuit, and the choke coil and capacitor constitute a filter circuit. High-frequency circuit: It is used to prevent high-frequency current from flowing into the low-frequency end and is used for high-frequency chokes in old regenerative radios;
2. Filtering: It is the same as the above theory, and it is also to prevent the pulse current from flowing into the pure DC circuit after DC rectification, and the choke coil flows in (in order to simplify the circuit and reduce the cost, the pure resistance is used instead of the choke) two capacitors (electrolytic capacitors) to form a pie filter circuit. Using the capacitor charge and discharge effect, the choke is passed on the direct current, blocking the alternating current characteristics, and the smooth direct current is completed to obtain pure direct current.
3. oscillation: we say that rectification is to change alternating current to direct current; then, oscillation is the reverse process of converting direct current to alternating current. The circuit that completes this process is called an "oscillator.". Oscillating waveforms: there are positive rotation, sawtooth waves, trapezoidal waves, square waves, rectangular waves, and spike waves.
AC circuit-based inductance coil applications
Whether it is in the field of strong or weak current, the application of inductive components in AC circuits can be said to be very extensive.
For example, reactors are made of coil ferrite, which can be connected in series to play the role of current limiting in the line. The principle is based on the fact that the inductor current cannot be abruptly changed, and when the line is short-circuited, the working current will not immediately rise to the short-circuit current due to the inductance in the string but will have a time buffer. During this period of rising current, the relay protection device can cut off the fault line in time to protect the equipment and personal safety.
Since the inductor voltage is proportional to the rate of change of the current, ballasts are used. The ballasts contain an inductor coil that generates an instantaneous high voltage at both ends of the inductive element when the circuit is cut off because the inductor current becomes zero in a very short period of time.
The inductance coil can also be used in the electronic circuit with the capacitive element to form an LC resonant circuit or filter circuit, etc., and can be made into a transformer, generator, or motor in the power system, etc., and the working principle of these devices or equipment is closely related to the characteristics of the inductance coil.
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Q: What are the precautions for the use of inductance coils?
A: When using the inductance coil, special attention should be paid to its rated current and rated voltage to avoid overload use, so as not to cause fire or other safety accidents. At the same time, it is also necessary to maintain good heat dissipation conditions to prolong its service life.
Q: Why can inductor coils be used for filtering?
A: The inductor coil can be used for filtering because in AC circuits, the impedance of the inductor coil changes with the change of frequency, and in a certain frequency range, the impedance of the inductor coil can reach a very high value, thus forming a low-pass filter.
Q: What is the function of the inductance coil?
A: The function of the inductance coil is to generate an electromagnetic field in the circuit to store the electrical energy in the magnetic field, so that the circuit has the functions of filtering, tuning, amplification, voltage transformation, etc.
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